Hi Steven,
You would first have to create a Marketing List Targeted at Account and add the Accounts you want to send the Survey to onto the Marketing List. From there, you would create an Email Send that has an Email Template containing the Survey you are sending out. You would attach that Account Marketing List to the Email Send record. When you click Send on the Email Send record, the email addresses contained in the Email field on the Account records will receive the Email with the Survey (the email will only go out to one email address per Account).
Whenever the recipient of the email submits the Survey, the Posted Survey will be associated with the Account Record that contains their email address in the Email field.